Digital Libraries, Documents, and Services
Terry Winograd
Computer Science Department
Stanford University Digital Libraries Project
Stanford University
Talk given at Adobe Systems, August 7, 1996
What are libraries for?
Access
Search
Exploration
Management
Preservation
plus....
What are libraries for?
Access
Search
Exploration
Management
Preservation
plus....
Publication
Cross-contact
Fundamental Assumptions About Digital Libraries
The digital library is not a bounded, uniform collection of information, but an open-ended collection of services
There will be increasing diversity of information and service providers
There is more to using digital libraries than access and search
National Digital Libraries Initiative
Sponsored by NSF, ARPA, NASA
6 Universities
, each with industrial partners, publishers, information providers, and librarians
Each focused on a working testbed of materials and users
Cooperation with pre-existing and other related projects
Strong push towards interoperability
DLI Research areas
UC
Berkeley
: Media integration, interfaces
(environmental information: hardcopy documents, photographs, maps, surveys, data,...)
UC
Santa Barbara
: Geographical information
(maps, aerial photographs)
Carnegie Mellon
: Multimedia, natural language, speech
(science and news videos, with related materials)
Illinois
: Integration, uniform access
(science and engineering materials in SGML format)
Michigan
: Economics, agents, education
(earth and space science materials with K-12 focus)
Stanford
: Interoperation, interfaces
(computer science materials: primarily text, including WWW)
Heterogeneity and distribution
Users
(student, researcher, experienced librarian)
Sources
(bibliographic databases, on-line documents, WWW, databases,...)
Media and material structures
(article, book, web page, data item, video clip, map, drawing, photo, advertisement, animation, ...)
Services
(search, view, translate, publish, compare, rate, annotate, extract, collect, filter, index, archive, copy detect, visualize, notify, ...)
Platforms
(Unix/X, Mac, Windows)
Designing the "glue"
Object-oriented protocol
Service proxies (e.g., for Database Services)
Client proxies (e.g., for WWW access)
Extensible set of protocols at multiple levels
Unifying interfaces
Extensible set of protocols at multiple levels
Query structures
Result structures
Economic exchange
Publication and authentication
Source metadata
Some interface-related sub-projects at Stanford
Query formats
[STAIRS]
- Kevin Chang, Luis Gravano
Task-oriented interfaces
[DLITE]
- Steve Cousins
Active exploration
[SenseMaker]
- Michelle Baldonado
Annotation and sharing
[ComMentor]
- Martin Röscheisen, Christen Mogensen
Cross-contact
[Grassroots]
- Kenichi Kamiya
Access Control
[CommPact s]
- Martin Röscheisen
Audio browsing
[ AHA]
- Frankie James
Goals for the User Interface
Support end-user tasks
Comprehensible model in domain of users
Extensible set of services - Smooth integration of services - Allow multiple services to be active
Persistence over various time scales
Sharing and reuse of DL expertise
Technical issues in integration
Protocols and standards
Service implementation interfaces
Interface elements and affordances
User virtuality
Conceptual issues
Information services model
Ontology alignmenment and interpretation
Attention
Trust
Stanford Digital Library Project
http://www-diglib.stanford.edu