== Relevant Papers ==
  * [[http://twiki.ipaw.info/bin/view/Challenge | Provenance Challenge Wiki]]
  * [[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/116837632/abstract | Special Issue: The First Provenance Challenge]] (Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, Volume 20, Issue 5, April 2008) - Moreau et al.

== First Provenance Challenge ==
  * Goal: to establish an understanding of the capabilities of available provenance-related systems
    * The representations that systems use to document details of processes that have occurred
    * The capabilities of each system in answering provenance-related queries
    * What each system considers to be within scope of the topic of provenance (regardless of whether the system can yet achieve all problems in that scope)

  * Challenge
    * Run a workflow for an fMRI application
    * Answer a set of queries over the provenance derived

  * Example workflow
{{http://twiki.ipaw.info/pub/Challenge/FirstProvenanceChallenge/BrainAtlas.gif}}

  #!/bin/sh
  AIR5.2.5/bin/align_warp anatomy1.img reference.img warp1.warp -m 12 -q
  AIR5.2.5/bin/align_warp anatomy2.img reference.img warp2.warp -m 12 -q
  AIR5.2.5/bin/align_warp anatomy3.img reference.img warp3.warp -m 12 -q
  AIR5.2.5/bin/align_warp anatomy4.img reference.img warp4.warp -m 12 -q
  AIR5.2.5/bin/reslice warp1.warp resliced1
  AIR5.2.5/bin/reslice warp2.warp resliced2
  AIR5.2.5/bin/reslice warp3.warp resliced3
  AIR5.2.5/bin/reslice warp4.warp resliced4
  AIR5.2.5/bin/softmean atlas.hdr y null resliced1.img resliced2.img resliced3.img resliced4.img
  fsl/bin/slicer atlas.hdr -x .5 atlas-x.pgm
  fsl/bin/slicer atlas.hdr -y .5 atlas-y.pgm
  fsl/bin/slicer atlas.hdr -z .5 atlas-z.pgm
  convert atlas-x.pgm atlas-x.gif
  convert atlas-y.pgm atlas-y.gif
  convert atlas-z.pgm atlas-z.gif

  * Core provenance queries
    - Find the process that led to Atlas X Graphic / everything that caused Atlas X Graphic to be as it is.  This should tell us the new brain images from which the averaged atlas was generated, the warping performed etc.
    - Find the process that led to Atlas X Graphic, excluding everything prior to the averaging of images with softmean.
    - Find the Stage 3, 4 and 5 details of the process that led to Atlas X Graphic.
    - Find all invocations of procedure align_warp using a twelfth order nonlinear 1365 parameter model (see [[http://bishopw.loni.ucla.edu/AIR5/align_warp.html#model-menu|model menu]] describing possible values of parameter "-m 12" of [[http://bishopw.loni.ucla.edu/AIR5/align_warp.html|align_warp]]) that ran on a Monday.
    - Find all Atlas Graphic images outputted from workflows where at least one of the input Anatomy Headers had an entry ''global maximum=4095''.  The contents of a header file can be extracted as text using the [[http://bishopw.loni.ucla.edu/AIR5/scanheader.html|scanheader]] AIR utility.
    - Find all output averaged images of softmean (average) procedures, where the warped images taken as input were align_warped using a twelfth order nonlinear 1365 parameter model, i.e. "where softmean was preceded in the workflow, directly or indirectly, by an align_warp procedure with argument -m 12."
    - A user has run the workflow twice, in the second instance replacing each procedures (convert) in the final stage with two procedures: [[http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/pgmtoppm1.html|pgmtoppm]], then [[http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pnmtojpeg.html|pnmtojpeg]].  Find the differences between the two workflow runs.  The exact level of detail in the difference that is detected by a system is up to each participant.
    - A user has annotated some anatomy images with a key-value pair ''center=UChicago''.  Find the outputs of align_warp where the inputs are annotated with ''center=UChicago''.
    - A user has annotated some atlas graphics with key-value pair where the key is ''studyModality''.  Find all the graphical atlas sets that have metadata annotation ''studyModality'' with values ''speech'', ''visual'' or ''audio'', and return all other annotations to these files.

== Second Provenance Challenge ==
  * Goal: to investigate interoperability between provenance systems
    * Complex processes may well use more than one system, but still want to find provenance of data
    * Direct translation helps understand the different underlying ideas, benefits and limitations of different models

  * Challenge
    * Combine provenance data from different systems and query over it to find the provenance of some data

  * Workflow and queries: same as the first challenge
  * Substantial agreement on a core representation of provenance: Open Provenance Model

== Third Provenance Challenge ==
  * Goal
    * identify weaknesses and strengths of the the OPM specification
    * encourage the development of concrete bindings for OPM in a variety of languages 
    * determine how well OPM can represent provenance for a variety of technologies (scientific workflow, databases, etc.) 
    * demonstrate that a complex data products provenance can be constructed from provenance documentation produced by multiple combinations of heterogenous applications 

  * Challenge
    * Generate provenance for the challenge workflow & run queries on it
    * Export OPM Graphs and import from others
    * Run queries on imported OPM graph

  * [[http://twiki.ipaw.info/bin/view/Challenge/ThirdPCWorkflow|Workflow]] and [[http://twiki.ipaw.info/bin/view/Challenge/ProvenanceQuestionsPc3|queries]]

== Fourth Provenance Challenge ==

  * [[http://twiki.ipaw.info/bin/view/Challenge/FourthProvenanceChallenge|Challenge web page]]